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Compare Jan Mayen (2004) - Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)
Compare Jan Mayen (2004) z Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005)
| Jan Mayen (2004) | Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2005) | |
 | -2005-bmala.jpg) | |
| Administrative divisions | - | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Age structure | - | 0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA (2005 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | - | fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products |
| Airports | 1 (2003 est.) | 5 (2004 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
total: 3
under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.) |
| Area | total: 373 sq km
land: 373 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 12,173 sq km
land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands |
| Area - comparative | slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Connecticut |
| Background | This desolate, mountainous island was named after a Dutch whaling captain who indisputably discovered it in 1614 (earlier claims are inconclusive). Visited only occasionally by seal hunters and trappers over the following centuries, the island came under Norwegian sovereignty in 1929. The long dormant Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg volcano resumed activity in 1970; it is the northernmost active volcano on earth. | Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982. |
| Birth rate | - | NA births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Budget | - | revenues: $66.2 million
expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million (FY98/99 est.) |
| Capital | - | Stanley |
| Climate | arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog | cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate |
| Coastline | 124.1 km | 1,288 km |
| Constitution | - | 3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Jan Mayen |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
| Death rate | - | NA deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Debt - external | - | $NA |
| Dependency status | territory of Norway; since August 1994, administered from Oslo through the county governor (fylkesmann) of Nordland; however, authority has been delegated to a station commander of the Norwegian Defense Communication Service | overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | - | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | - | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Disputes - international | none | Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied the islands by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force; UK continues to reject Argentine requests for sovereignty talks |
| Economic aid - recipient | - | $0 (1997 est.) |
| Economy - overview | Jan Mayen is a volcanic island with no exploitable natural resources. Economic activity is limited to providing services for employees of Norway's radio and meteorological stations on the island. | The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism, especially eco-tourism, is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. Another large source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 17.72 million kWh (2002) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2002) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2002) |
| Electricity - production | - | 19.06 million kWh (2002) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Norwegian Sea 0 m
highest point: Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg 2,277 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster |
| Ethnic groups | - | British |
| Exchange rates | - | Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002), 0.6947 (2001), 0.6609 (2000)
note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound |
| Executive branch | - | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive Chris SIMPKINS (since NA March 2003); Financial Secretary Derek F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | - | NA |
| Exports - commodities | - | wool, hides, meat |
| Exports - partners | - | Spain 77.4%, UK 9.4%, US 4.9% (2004) |
| Fiscal year | - | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | the flag of Norway is used | blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT |
| GDP - composition by sector | - | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $25,000 (2002 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | - | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 71 00 N, 8 00 W | 51 45 S, 59 00 W |
| Geography - note | barren volcanic island with some moss and grass | deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season |
| Highways | - | total: 440 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | - | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | - | NA |
| Imports - commodities | - | fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing |
| Imports - partners | - | UK 63.2%, Spain 30.3%, France 3.6% (2004) |
| Independence | - | none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina) |
| Industrial production growth rate | - | NA% |
| Industries | - | fish and wool processing; tourism |
| Infant mortality rate | - | total: NA
male: NA female: NA (2005 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | - | 3.6% (1998) |
| International organization participation | - | ICFTU, UPU |
| Irrigated land | 0 sq km (1998 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | - | Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction |
| Labor force | - | 1,100 (est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (2001) |
| Languages | - | English |
| Legal system | the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply | English common law |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor
elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout |
| Life expectancy at birth | - | total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2005 est.) |
| Location | Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland | Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina |
| Map references | Arctic Region | South America |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 4 nm
contiguous zone: 10 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
territorial sea: 12 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | - | none |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Norway | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | - | no regular military forces |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA |
| National holiday | - | Liberation Day, 14 June (1982) |
| Nationality | - | noun: Falkland Islander(s)
adjective: Falkland Island |
| Natural hazards | dominated by the volcano Haakon VII Toppen/Beerenberg; volcanic activity resumed in 1970 | strong winds persist throughout the year |
| Natural resources | none | fish, squid, wildlife, calcified seaweed, sphagnum moss |
| Net migration rate | - | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | none; all independents |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | - | none |
| Population | no indigenous inhabitants
note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2004 est.) |
2,967 (July 2005 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | - | NA |
| Population growth rate | - | 2.44% (2005 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | Stanley |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: there is one radio and meteorological station (1998) |
AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Religions | - | primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist |
| Suffrage | - | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | - | general assessment: NA
domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries |
| Telephones - main lines in use | - | 2,400 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | - | 0 (2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service)
note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002) |
| Terrain | volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers | rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains |
| Total fertility rate | - | NA children born/woman (2005 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | - | full employment; labor shortage (2001) |
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